![]() Injuries to the ACL are relatively common knee injuries among athletes and females are two to eight times more likely to sustain an ACL injury than their male counterparts. As a consequence of its complex role in the kinematics of the knee, when an ACL injury occurs there are both clinical signs and subjective instability and therefore a comprehensive rehabilitation program is needed. Because of that an ACL injury might therefore be regarded as a neurophysiological dysfunction and not as a simple peripheral musculoskeletal injury. Despite of that its primary role is a proprioceptive function due to the presence of mechanoreceptors in the ligaments. It also prevents excessive tibial medial and lateral rotation, as well as varus and valgus stresses. The ACL provides approximately 85% of the total restraining force of anterior translation. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key structure in the knee joint kinematics, as it resists anterior tibial translation and rotational loads. 9.5.2 Closed-Kinetic-Chain Knee exercises.9.5 Closed-Kinetic-Chain Knee exercises. ![]() 9.4 Open-Kinetic-Chain Knee-Flexion exercises.9.3 Open-Kinetic-Chain Knee-Extension exercises.9 Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise.
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